Theories such as Marxism Essay Example for Free

Theories such as Marxism Essay Within this essay, I will be examining the view that education re-creates the class system. Theories such as Marxism, Internationalism and feminism, would agree with each other in saying that the education system favours the working class, due to ideologies, discrimination, domination and social control. Marxists Bowles and Gintis myth of education is a complete attack on the functionalists concept of meritocracy. Bowles and Gintis (1976) argued that the meritocratic idea that education offers everybody an equal chance is in fact a myth or a story that all of us jus blindly believe. They believe that the education system works against the ideas of the working classes. In their correspondence theory they argued that there was a correspondence between social relationships in the classroom and the work place. By this, they meant that the hierarchies, certificates, and discipline systems that can be found in schools are actually very similar to the world of work. In school you are paid with certificates, where as on the other hand in work you are paid with wages. Marxists also argue that education has a cultural reproduction role. Bourdieu has argued that schools, along with the staff that work in them are generally middle-class institutions. Working class children simply do not posses the cultural capital, which are things like the ideas, tastes, values and lifestyle associated with a particular class required for success in establishments. This means that middle-class children will generally do better than working class children. This makes school an institution that ensures middle-class dominance from one generation to the next. A sociologist that illustrates this view is, Marxist, Tomlinson says that differences in class are more important than differences in ethnicity in explaining educational attainment. So it is clear that education looks at classes and allocates where each student goes in the hierarchy. It recreates the education system by teaching children what society wants them to learn through the hidden curriculum, as well as teaching them to accept their roles and place in society, this relates to the class system as it ranks the middle class on top of working class. Functionalists say the class system in education should change as they believe in the education system being meritocratic as they say that the harder you work the better off you will be. Because the curriculum is based on westernized cultures, there is conflict between classes in education. Interactionists would say that there are many other stereotypes in the education system which puts the middle class in advantage to the working class to which the education system mostly benefits the middle class rather than then the working class. So, on the whole, the education system allocates students through meritocracy, reflecting their class in society. The well off- middle-class are better off, with more resources, cultural capital etc, and so can work their way up easily, and as we know education success is rewarded with cultural capital. On the other hand, the working class dont have that many benefits, so they do not achieve a lot. Education reinforces the roles the classes have to play in society and re-creates the class system.

Essay --

Syria (Syrian Republic) is a country in Western Asia, it’s neighboring countries are Turkey, Iraq, Jordan and Israel. Syria is a country of ethnic and religious diversity, it is home to the Arab Sunnis, Arab Christians, Armenians, and Assyrians; however, Arab Sunnis make up most of the population. Home to 22,457,336, the official language and lingua franca, in Syria is Arabic; nevertheless there are also other languages such as Kurdish, Armenian, Circassian, French and English are also used to communicate. Pertaining to human rights, 89.9% of the Syrian populace has drinking water sources, and 95.2% have access to sanitation facilities. In comparison to more developed countries, Syrians do not have high a literary rate of that of other countries. This is anticipated because on average, males have a school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) of 12 years, and females have a school life expectancy of 11 years. 4% of children ages 5-14 are exposed to child labor. The i ssue of human rights has been a significant concern. Authorities in Syria are accused of arresting human rights activists, censoring websites. Specifically in Syria, women face discrimination, and are not valued in society. According to Amnesty international reports, women have been subject to discrimination and gender- based violence. Women have many social and legal restrictions in their private lives. This view of women, being subordinate to men, has carried on to politics, where women remain marginalized, and they have not had opportunities to extend their insight and leadership to others: Syrian women have long been underrepresented in Syrian politics, despite gaining the right to vote in 1949, and the right to stand as parliamentary candidates in 1953... ...n any way discourage to pursue leadership under unjust legislations. Possible solutions can also include the involvement of NGOs and member nations governments; to implement education programs, skills building and leadership training that prepare female for leadership positions. This will allow women to have expertise in the management and knowledge of global markets, advocacy and decision-making, that promote their chances of obtaining a leadership position. Additionally, transparent processes for hiring, promotion, and leadership develop should be established about to ensure that the process is free of discrimination and affirmative action quotas for hiring women should also be enforced. Works Cited http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/women_leadership/On-line_discussion_report_Women_in_Leadeship_Roles.pdf https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sc11149.doc.htm

The Impact Of Sarbanes Oxley Act On Public Companies And...

The affects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Public Companies and the Market Shareen Sidhu University of Maryland University College The Affects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Public Companies and the Market The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was implemented and designed to â€Å"protect the interests of the investing public† and the â€Å"mission is to set and enforce practice standards for a new class of firms registered to audit publicly held companies† (Verschoor, 2012). During the early 2000 s, the world saw an alarming number of accounting scandals take place resulting in many corporations going bankrupt. Some of the major companies involved in these scandals were from Enron, WorldCom, and one of the top five accounting and auditing firms, Arthur Andersen. These companies were dishonest with their financial statements, assuring the public the company was very successful, when in reality they were not. This became a problem because if the public believes a company is doing well, they are more likely to invest in it. That is to say, once these companies were exposed, it caused a number of companies goi ng bankrupt and a major mistrust between the public and the capital market. Consequently, the federal government quickly took action and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002, also known as SOX, which was created by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Many have questioned what Norman Bowie (2004) had questioned,Show MoreRelatedThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20021668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Act Impact ACC 410, Jackie Lewis, Ph.D. Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, officially named the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002†, is recognized to be the most noteworthy U.S. federal disclosure and corporate governance legislation since the Securities Act of1933 (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Furthermore, the provisions of the Act areRead MoreAcc403 Assign 1-Sarbanes Oxley1057 Words   |  5 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act Student Name Professor Name ACC 403 – Auditing 8/19/2012 Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Effectiveness of Regulations. There used to be a time in the United States when there were no regulations in place to protect the public from corporate greed and deceit. Publically traded companies used the auditors they had on retainer to audit their financial statements. There was no reason to believe that such large corporations would allow their share holders to fall. That fairytaleRead MoreOverview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act1068 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Sarbanes-Oxley Act Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law on July 30, 2002, by President George W. Bush; it was a congressional regulatory response to the enormously damaging corporate scandals at WorldCom, the Arthur Anderson accounting group and most notoriously, Enron. Because of the damage done not only to the reputations of those corporations and to the American corporate community but also to the stockholders and people who lost life savings (people who lost 401-K investmentsRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act : A Important Part Of Business1215 Words   |  5 PagesA vital part of business today is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It was created to protect the integrity of business and the interest of consumers and investors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act enforces the monitoring of finance data and information technology as it relates to storage of information. It requires the audit of a company’s assets, accounting and finance. The act requires certifications by top company officials’ to guarantee t hat data submitted is true and accurate. Monitoring to ensure complianceRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021525 Words   |  7 Pagesin real companies will attempt to cover their misfortunes by reporting false data. Taking after many years of monetary frauds and outrages including executives and officers at a portion of the biggest organizations in the United States, Congress established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Cheeseman, 2013). Congress ordered the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) to shield customers from the fraudulent exercises of significant partnerships. This paper will give a brief history of the SOX Act, portrayRead MoreThe Importance Of Sarbanes Oxley Act1713 Words   |  7 PagesMEMO To: Professor of ACG 1001 Writing Project From: Calvin Robinson CC: Date: June 13, 2016 Re: The Importance of Sarbanes-Oxley Act After several scandals that involved such major corporations as WorldCom, Enron and Arthur Anderson. President Bush signed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on July 30, 2002 which created after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. The act was created to regulate financial practices and corporate governance. It consists of 11 different sections or titlesRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act, An Overview Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesobligated to act in your best interest, which means to advise and explain to you some important changes in the accounting field relating to Sarbanes Oxley Act, also called SOX. In July 2002, The US Congress enacted the Sarbanes Oxley Act, Also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act (in the Senate) and Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act (in the House). Co-authored by U.S. Sen. Pa ul Sarbanes of Maryland and U.S. Rep. Michael Oxley of OhioRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox )1728 Words   |  7 Pagestelecommunication company, WorldCom committed one of the biggest accounting scandals of all time. They perpetrated over *1 $3.8 billion in fraud, leading to a loss of 30,000 jobs and $180 billion losses for investors . This is one of the several accounting scandals that led to the passing of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which introduced the most comprehensive set of new business regulations since the 1930’s. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is an act that was passed by United States Congress in 2002. This act safeguardedRead MoreAudit Partner Rotation - Issue Brief1409 Words   |  6 Pagescorporate crises, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes a provision regarding mandatory audit partner rotation for firms auditing public companies. This should not be confused with audit firm rotation and it is important to make the distinction. The Act requires the lead audit pa rtner and audit review partner (or concurring reviewer) to be rotated every five years on all public company audits. The Act requires a concurring review of all audits of issuers (as defined in the Act). The focus of this document